Changing Pattern of Population Density: A Case Study of Sample Village Ambedkarnagar District

 

Dr. Alok Pandey¹, Dr. Chandra Shekhar Dwivedi²

¹Department of Geography, Mohd. Yusuf Mahavidyalaya, Sandkhera, Sandila, Hardoi, U.P.

²Assistant Professor (on Contract), Center For Environmental Science, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand

*Corresponding Author E-mail: alokpandeygeog@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

The term density is related to population size and the land area with a view to assessing the pressure of population upon the resources of the area. Thus, it is a measure of the incidence of population concentration and is generally expressed in terms of persons/km² of land area. The population density of sample village during the census periods of 1991, 2001, and 2011 was 790, 1009 and 2015 respectively an analysis has been done for the year 1991 - 2011. The concentration of population per unit area has increased over the three decades. The density of population is more near the city region. The present paper explained about population densities and its changes from 1991 to 2011 of sample village.

 

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Density of population refers to the number of persons/km². The density of population shows the relationship between population and the area and also refers to the population pressure per aerial unit (Singh, 1985). Density pattern deals with relative degree of concentration of people in any of it expression (Arithmetic, physiological and Agricultural) in spatio - temporal perspective (Prasad 1981).

 

Man and land are the ultimate elements in the life of human society, so that number of people in proportion to the area is a fundamental consideration to study population. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand, study and analyse the pattern of population distribution in the given area considering multiple factors. The land use pattern of an area is directly influenced by the population density.

 

STUDY AREA:

Astronomically the Ambedkarnagar district extend between 26⁰ 09' to 26⁰40' North latitudes and 82⁰ 11' to 83⁰ 08' East longitude and lies in Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. It is bounded on the north by Basti and Sant Kabir Nagar district, on the east by Azamgarh and Gorakhpur district. On the south by Sultanpur district and on the west by Faizabad district.

 

 

 

The region under study is a part of Ganga - Ghaghara, Doab. The region is drained by Ganga system - Ghaghara, Madha, Bisui, Tons and Majhoi are other main rivers of the district. Ghaghara is a main tributary of river Ganga, forming the northern boundary of the study region. (Fig. 1)

 

OBJECTIVE:

The main objective are

(i)  To analyze the change in population density.

(ii) To find out the inter-sample villages variations in population density.

 

METHODOLOGY:

There are 1792, revenue village and Nine Development Block in Ambedkarnagar region. At the first stage of sampling 1.17 percent villages representing all the nine block were selected. In this process effort has been made to ensure that at least two to three villages are selected from each block to have the wider representation of the study region, 21 villages were selected as sample villages for the present study. In the present study, the data are obtained through primary and secondary sources.

 

DENSITY OF POPULATION:

Men and land are the ultimate elements in the life of human society so that the number of people in proportion to the amount of land is a fundamental consideration of population study. The spatial distribution of population in India is not ubiquitous. There are wide regional contrasts in the degree of concentration of population giving highly variable density to different parts of India. The density of population was increased in all states and union Territories between 1991 and 2011. Among major states, Bihar, is still the most thickly populated state with a population density of 1106 in 2011. West Bengal is now the second highest densely populated state, pushing Kerala to the third place.

 

 

Table-1      Change in Population density

Source: District Census Handbook and Village Questionnaire.

 

 

The population density of India during different census from 1991 2001 and 2011 was 267, 325 and 382 respectively. Population density of Uttar Pradesh from 1991 to 2011 was 548, 690 and 829 respectively. Ambedkarnagar district has 1020 population density in census years, 2011. According to the 2011 census, Uttar Pradesh had a population of 199812341. Nearly one - sixth of India's population resides in Uttar Pradesh.

 

If Uttar Pradesh has been an independent country it would have been the sixth most populous country of the World after China, India, USA, Indonesia, and Brazil. According to the 2011 Census, Hindus constitute 80.6 percent population of Uttar Pradesh while Muslims at 18.50 percent are the second largest religious group.

 

ARITHMETIC DENSITY:

The population density of sample village during. The period of 1991,-2001 2011 was 790, 1009 and 1215 respectively. An analysis has been done for the census year 1991-2011. The concentration of population per unit area (Persons/km²) has increased over the three decades.

 

In 1991 only two sample village Balrampur and Pakooli are high population density above 1200 person per sq. km. while Duhiya, Makhdoom nagar, Fariedpur, Motigarpur, Hathinalala, Ourow, Bukia, Devlar, Surjupur, Dulhupur, Aame , Sarangpur and Daiyadeh are medium population density 600-1200 person sq. km. and remaining sample village Chandauli, Asrafpur, Bairagal, Itva, Mansapur and Nale are in below 600 person per sq. km.

Level of Population density

                   

 

In 2001 only five village Duhiya, Makhdoomnagar, Balrampur, Pakooli and Daiyadeh are high population density above 1200 person per sq. Km. while Fariedpur, Motigarpur, Hathinalala, Ourow, Bukia, Devlar, Surjupur, Dulhupur, Aame, Itva, Sarangpur, Mansapur and Nale are medium population density 600 - 1200 person per sq. km. and remaining Chanduali, Asrafpur and Bairagal village are in below 600 person per sq. km.

 

 

 

 

 

Growth of Population density

Fig. 2

 

 

In 2011, only eight  village Duhiya, Makhdoomnagar, Motigarpur, Balrampur Devlar, Dulhupur, Pakooli and Daiyadeh are high population density above 1200 person per sq. km. which Twelve village Chandauli, Hathinalala, Ourow, Bukia, Surjupur, Bairagal, Aame, Itva, Sarangpur, Mansapur, Nale and Fariedpur are medium population density 600-1200 person per sq. km. remaining one village Asrafpur are in below 600 person per sq. km.

 

Change in Population Density

The two decades between 1991-2011 remarkable change are found, During 1991-2001 population density in the region has change 219 person per sq. km. while during 2001-2011 population density in the region has change 206 person per sq. km. Illiteracy and Lack of awareness about family planning programmes are found to be the main causes for the excess growth population density during 1991-2001, while during 2001-2011 with the improved awareness and adoption of family planning methods as well as accelerated migration in search of employment appears to be main reason for the decline in population density.

 

The lowest population density change during 1991-2001 is recorded in Bairagal village with 29 person per sq km., while the highest density change is recorded in Makhdoomnagar village with 1291 person per sq. km. The causes behind the Low population density change of Bairagal village are quality education and advanced medical facilities, while the causes of maximum population density change of Makhdoomnagar are the regular supply of electricity from NTPC situated in the village and more job opportunities.

 

 

Change in Population density

Fig. 3

 

 

Table shows that during 2001-2011 the lowest population density change is recorded in Asrafpur village with 4 person per sq. km. while the highest density change is recorded in  Duhiya village with 472 person per sq. km. which is followed, by Pakooli, Balrampur, Sarjupur, Ourow, Motigarpur, Devlar and Daiyadeh with 435, 395, 315, 295, 278, 274 and 271 respectively. This increase in population density is not linear because the places near the industrial area, Tanda, shows very high increase and rest of the places a slower Asrafpur village is remote area and are flood prone.

 

Table shows that during 1991-2001 and 2001-2011 a negative population density change in Surjupur and Aame village as majority of male population has migrated from the village to some other place in search of employment.

 

CONCLUSION:

It is clear from the above discussion that there is positive relation between general and physiological density in respect to denoting the pressure of population on land resource. The result of above study shows that the population density is very high in the areas situated is very fertile middle Ganga plain.

 

REFERENCE:

Demko, George, J. et al, 1970, Population Geography: A Reader, Mc. Graw-   Hill Book Company, New York, P.22

Mohammad, I.H., 2005, Population Geography, Rawat Publications, Jaipur, P-41

Singh, R.B., 1985, Geography of Rural Development: The India Micro-Level Experience, P.42

Prasad, H., 1981, Distribution of Rural population in Ghosi Tahsil, Azamgarh, Paper Presented at the second Annual Conference of the National Association of Geographers, India, Sri Venkateswara University, Triputi (A.P.), Ja, 9-12, A65. Pub - on PP. 96-97

Verma, Chandrabhan, 1994 Population density Gradient in the cities of upper ganga plain, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.

 Kumari Babita and Rai Gayatri (2011) Changing pattern of Population Desity, A case study of Chiraigaon Block, Varanasi Distric, National Geographical Journal of India Vol. 57. PT (3) PP-33-40.

Chandna, R.C. (1987) Geography of Population, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Clark, C. (1978) Population Geography, Oxford, P. 14

Siddiqui, F.A. (2007), Dimensions of Agricultural Land Resource and Population Pressure : A case study of Deoria District in U.P., In : (Eds) Ali, Mohammad and Abdul, Munir, Fifty years of Indian Agriculture, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, Vol.2, pp. 16-29

Zelinsky, Wilbur (1966), A prologue to Population Geography, Prentice- Hall Inc., Englewood cliff N.U. London.

 

Received on 17.03.2016       Modified on 19.04.2016

Accepted on 09.05.2016      © A&V Publication all right reserved